Under-Served brings together the perspectives of academics, front-line health care providers, and policy-makers to examine the historical, political, and social factors that influence the health and health care of under-served populations in Canada, focusing particularly on Indigenous, inner-city, and migrant populations. This vital text broadens the traditional determinants of health—the social, economic, environmental, and behavioural elements—to include factors like family and community, government policies, mental health and addiction, homelessness and housing, racism, youth, and LGBTQ identity.
With a foreword by former Chief Public Health Officer of Canada David Butler-Jones and contributions from leading scholars, this edited collection comprises 28 chapters divided into 6 sections including those on research for under-served groups and ways to promote change through education, advocacy, and system changes. Featuring section introductions, learning objectives, critical thinking questions, and additional resources, this edited collection will engage students in health studies, nursing, and social work in crucial topics such as health promotion, social inequality, and community health.
FEATURES
includes a student supplement featuring clinical case vignettes and personal stories of patient care
contains in-text pedagogy including learning objectives, critical thinking questions, and a glossary
incorporates case studies and inspiring stories from health providers working in the field
Introduction, byAkshaya Neil Arya and Thomas Piggott
SECTION I: INTRODUCING UNDER-SERVED POPULATIONS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Section Introduction, by Thomas Piggott and Neil Arya
Chapter 1: Deconstructing the Concept of Special Populations for Health Care, Research, and Policy, by Thomas Piggott and Aaron Orkin
Chapter 2: The Social Determinants of Health of Under-Served Populations in Canada, by Dennis Raphael
SECTION II: INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS
Section Introduction, by Karen Hill
Timeline: Policies and Practices Influencing Indigenous Health, by Bonnie M. Freeman
Chapter 3: The Impact of Intergenerational Trauma to Health: Policies, Relocation, Reserves, and Residential Schools, by Bonnie M. Freeman
Chapter 4: Intergenerational Trauma and Indigenous Health in Canada: How Racism Affects the Health of the Indigenous Patient, by Paul Tomascik, Thomas Dignan, and Barry Lavallée
Chapter 5: Health and Health Service Needs in Urban Indigenous Communities, by Martin Cooke and Piotr Wilk
Chapter 6: Health for Canadian Indigenous Children, by Anna Banerji
Chapter 7: Exploring the Development of a Health Care Model Based on Inuit Wellness Concepts as Part of Self-Determination and Improving Wellness in Northern Communities, by Gwen K. Healey
Chapter 8: Fostering Resilience with Indigenous Youth, by Bonnie M. Freeman
SECTION III: INNER-CITY AND OTHER SPECIAL POPULATIONS
Section Introduction, by S. Luckett-Gatopoulos
Timeline: Minimal Supports for the Bottom of the Labour Market, by Joe Mancini
Chapter 9: Historical Roots—Why in a Time of Unprecedented Wealth and Health Do We Have Homelessness and Ill Health?, by Joe Mancini
Chapter 10: Poverty, Homelessness, and Ill Health, byAbe Oudshoorn
Chapter 11: The Forgotten Victims: Impact of Parental Incarceration on the Psychological Health of the Innocent Children Left Behind, by Jessica Reid
Chapter 12: Approaching the Health and Marginalization of People Who Use Opioids, by Sharon Koivu and Thomas Piggott
Chapter 13: Pathways to Health Equity for LGBTQ Populations, by Nathan Lachowsky, Jacqueline Gahagan, and Kelly Anderson
Chapter 14: “Prescribing Income”: A Multi-level Approach to Treating Social Determinants for Health Providers, by Ritika Goel and Gary Bloch
Chapter 15: Models of Primary Care Delivery for Under-Served Populations in Inner-City Settings, by Dale Guenter, Abe Oudshoorn, and Joe Mancini
SECTION IV: REFUGEE AND MIGRANT POPULATIONS
Section Introduction, by Shpresa Aliu-Berisha
Timeline: A Brief History of Migration and Marginalization, by Neil Arya
Chapter 16: Social Determinants of Refugee Health, by Michaela Hynie
Chapter 17: Health Issues in Refugee Populations, by Meb Rashid, Vanessa Redditt, Andrea Hunter, and Kevin Pottie
Chapter 18: Mental Health Impact of Canadian Immigration Detention, by Hanna Gros
Chapter 19: Migrant Farm Worker Health Care: Unique Strategies for a Unique Population, by Janet McLaughlin and Michelle Tew
SECTION V: RESEARCH FOR UNDER-SERVED POPULATIONS
Section Introduction, by Thomas Piggott and Neil Arya
Chapter 20: Indigenous Health Research: Lessons from Life in the Arctic, by Gwen K. Healey
Chapter 21: Overcoming Challenges of Conducting Longitudinal Research in Stigmatized Urban Neighbourhoods, by Biljana Vasilevska, Angela Di Nello, Erin Bryce, and James R. Dunn
Chapter 22: Practical and Ethical Considerations for Health Research with Refugees, by Patricia Gabriel
Chapter 23: Engaging Communities to Identify Needs and Develop Solutions: Participatory Research Incorporates Community Voice in All Aspects of Health Research Decision-Making, by Jon Salsberg, Soultana Macridis, Treena Delormier, Richard Hovey, Neil Andersson, Alex M. McComber, and Ann C. Macaulay
SECTION VI: MAKING CHANGE—EDUCATION, ADVOCACY, AND SYSTEM CHANGE
Section Introduction, by Neil Arya and Thomas Piggott
Chapter 24: Educating Health Professionals to Care for Vulnerable and Marginal Populations, by Lesley Cooper, Neil Arya, Mona Negoita, and Ngan Pham
Chapter 25:Thinking Upstream: A Vision for a Healthy Society, by Ryan Meili and Thomas Piggott
Chapter 26: Reforming Health Systems to Promote Equity and Improve the Health of Under-Served Populations, by Anne Andermann
Chapter 27: From the Clinics to the Streets: The Fight against Refugee Health Cuts in Canada, by Philip Berger, Meb Rashid, Alexander Caudarella, Andrea Evans, and Christopher Holcroft
Chapter 28: The W’s of Successful Advocacy for the Under-Served: Lessons from Days of Action for Refugee Health, by Neil Arya
Conclusion, by Thomas Piggott and Neil Arya
Glossary
Contributors
Biography
Akshaya Neil Arya is an Assistant Clinical Professor in Family Medicine at McMaster University and Adjunct Professor in Environment and Resource Studies at the University of Waterloo.
Thomas Piggott is a family doctor and is finishing his training in public health and preventive medicine at McMaster University. He completed his Masters in Public Health Economics at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and is focused on health evidence, equity, and economics in primary care and public health. He is the founder of Global Health Sim, a Canadian non-profit focused on innovative education through simulation.
“This book presents a comprehensive and broad range of topics on health issues related to many different under-served populations in Canada. Students, clinicians, researchers, policy makers, advocates, and community members will find themselves reflected and supported in this text. Regardless of your background in the area of health, you will gain new knowledge while reading this book.”
—Tara Turner, Associate Professor, School of Indigenous Social Work, First Nations University of Canada
“This book is an essential textbook for health professionals who want to make a difference for under-served individuals and communities, a ‘how-to’ manual for community engagement. Authors present clear learning objectives and real-world examples of action and advocacy. Readers who engage with the critical thinking questions and attend to the gripping stories that enrich the evidence-based text will be changed: impelled and enabled to act—as care providers, policy-makers, educators, and researchers—to reduce systemic inequity and improve the health of individuals and communities.”
—Carol P. Herbert, MD, Professor Emerita and Former Dean, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University
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