The expanded third edition of Challenging Notions introduces students to both the theoretical and the applied aspects of victimology and provides a critical foundation for evaluation. Tammy C. Landau, an expert in criminal justice, explores patterns of victimization in Canada, the experiences of Indigenous peoples in the criminal justice system, restorative approaches to victimization, and the challenges presented when the state is the perpetrator of crime.
This new edition contains updated statistics, census data, case studies, and discussion questions. New intersectional topics include trauma-informed justice and social movements such as defunding the police and Indian residential schools as well as information from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
With current scholarship, carefully curated cases, and thoughtful chapter discussion questions, this uniquely Canadian text is a valuable resource for second- and third-year university victimology classrooms.
List of Boxes List of Figures List of Tables Trigger Warning Preface to the Third Edition Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Challenging Notions of Victims and Victimization
Three Cases in Point
The Pickton Murders
The Homicide of Ashley Smith
Deals with the Devil
Media Representations of Victimhood
The “Victim” in the Criminal Justice System
Who Is a “Victim”?
For Further Consideration
Note
Chapter 2: The Theoretical and Social Context of Victimhood
What Is “Victimology”?
Mainstream Approaches
Critical Approaches
The Role of the State in “Creating” Victims
Gendering the Victim
Sexual Assault in Canada
Men and Victimization
An Intersectional Approach to Victims
For Further Consideration
Note
Chapter 3: Measuring Victimization
Uniform Crime Reports and “Official” Police Statistics on Crime
Reporting to Police
“Founded” vs “Unfounded” Reports to Police
Changes in Legislation
Changes in Policy and Practice
Linking Police Statistics with Police Effectiveness
Victimization Surveys
Alternative Approaches: Self-Report Studies, Institutional Data, and Inquests
Self-Report Studies
Institutional Data
Inquests and Other Quasi-Judicial Mechanisms
For Further Consideration
Chapter 4: Patterns of Violent Victimization in Canada
General Patterns of Violent Victimization
Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence
Violence Against Children
Violence Against Seniors
Thinking about Violent Victimization
For Further Consideration
Notes
Chapter 5: Challenging Victimizations: Two Cases in Point
An Overview of Hate Crimes in Canada
Defining “Hate” in Canada
Measuring Hate
Thinking about Hate Crimes in Canada
Over-Representation of Indigenous People in Criminal Justice and Beyond
Criminal Victimization of Indigenous People: An Overview
Indigenous Over-representation in the Criminal Justice System and Beyond: The Bigger Picture
The Systemic Nature of Over-representation
For Further Consideration
Note
Chapter 6: Contemporary Victims Policy in Canada
Offender-Focused Approaches to Victims in Canada
Criminalization Strategies: and Mandatory Charging and Mandatory Minimum Penalties
Victim-Centred Approaches
Victim Impact Statements and Victims Bills of Rights
Restorative Approaches to Victimization
When the State Is the Perpetrator
Wrongful Convictions
Indian Residential Schools
Conclusions
For Further Consideration
Note
References Copyright Acknowledgements
Biography
Tammy C. Landau is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology at Toronto Metropolitan University.
“Challenging Notions is an engaging, accessible, and critical examination of victimization that situates timely case studies in the context of lawmaking in Canada. In doing so, this text encourages students to navigate the evolution of critical theories of victimization while not losing sight of victims’ lived realities. It brings alive the diversity of victims’ experiences within social institutions that variably support and marginalize them. A focus on the types of structural and policy changes needed to usher in equitable treatment and protection for victims of all types brings the text full circle.”
—Dr. Mike Fleming, Assistant Teaching Professor, Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick
“The new third edition of this textbook offers learners a critical examination of present-day Canadian victimology issues. It explores how different populations are treated by the justice system in the aftermath of their victimization. The book is clear and concise, consisting of up-to-date Canadian research, statistics, and case studies. Professor Landau expertly engages the reader to think critically on the subject matter to formulate meaningful connections between the content material and their own everyday experiences.”
—Elizabeth Revenberg, Professor of Criminology, St. Clair College
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